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a) 所有均与白喉和破伤风类毒素结合的13种不同的非细胞百日咳疫苗,每种含有1-4种抗原。 b) 与lederle白喉和破伤风类毒素结合的全细胞百日咳疫苗。 来源:decker等(1995)。 严重不良事件仍在继续开展有关估计严重和罕见不良反应发生频率方面的研究。即便在接种了非细胞疫苗之后发生惊厥、持续哭泣、体温超过 若干项研究已证实了用一种含有全细胞成份的疫苗替代含有非细胞百日咳成份的疫苗作为刚开始疫苗接种程序的儿童加强剂的安全性(pichichero等,1997;halperin等,1996;feldman等,1992)。特别是向以非细胞疫苗开始接种程序的儿童接种非细胞百日咳疫苗加强剂(第四份)比他们原先接种全细胞疫苗产生更多的局部反应。然而,尽管与非细胞疫苗有关的局部和全身反应的频率随着疫苗接种份数的数量而增加,但这种反应的发生次数比使用全细胞疫苗要少。 参考文献cdc (1987). centers for disease control and prevention. advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). pertussis immunization; family history of convulsions and use of antipyretics. mmwr: morbidity and mortality weekly report, 36:281–2. cdc (1996) centers for disease control and prevention. advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). update: vaccine side effects, adverse reactions, contraindications and precautions. mmwr: morbidity and mortality weekly report, 45(rr‑12):22–31. cdc (1997). centers for disease control and prevention. advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). pertussis vaccination: use of acellular pertussis vaccines among infants and young children. mmwr: morbidity and mortality weekly report, 46(rr‑7):1–16. cherry jd (1996). historical review of pertussis and the classical vaccine. journal of infectious diseases, 174,supt 3:s259–s263. cody cl, baraff lj, cherry jd, et al. (1981). nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with dtp and dt immunizations in infants and children. pediatrics, 68:650–60. decker mm, edwards km, steinhoff mc, et al. (1995). comparison of 13 acellular pertussis vaccines: adverse reactions. pediatrics, 96:557–66. decker mm, edwards km (1996). the multicenter acellular pertussis trial: an overview. journal of infectious diseases, 174, supt 3:s270–s275. edsall g, altman js, gaspar aj (1954). combined tetanus-diphtheria immunization of adults: use of small doses of diphtheria toxoid. american journal of public health, 44:1537–45. edwards km, decker md, mortimer jr ea (1999). pertussis vaccine. in plotkin s, orenstein w, eds. vaccines, 3rd ed., wb saunders company, 1999:293-344. wer (1982). expanded programme on immunization. reactions to tetanus toxoid. weekly epidemiological record, 57:193–4. farrington p, pugh s, feldman s, perry s, andrew m, et al. (1992). comparison of acellular (b type) and whole-cell pertussis component diphtheria‑tetanus‑pertussis vaccines as the first booster immunization in 15–24 month-old children. journal of pediatrics, 121:857–61. gupta rk, relyveld eh (1991). adverse reactions after injection of adsorbed diphtheria‑pertussis‑tetanus (dpt) vaccine are not due only to pertussis organisms or pertussis components in the vaccine. vaccine, 9:abstract. gustafsson l, hallander ho, olin p, et al. (1996). a controlled trial of a two-component acellular, a five-component acellular, and a whole-cell pertussis vaccine. halperin sa, eastwood bj, barreto l, et al. (1996). adverse reactions and antibody response to four doses of acellular or whole cell pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in the first 19 months of life. vaccine, 14:767–72. ipp mm et al. (1987). acetaminophen prophylaxis of adverse reactions following vaccination of infants with diphtheria‑pertussis‑tetanus toxoids‑polio vaccine. pediatric infectious disease journal, 6:721–5. ipp mm, gold r, goldbach m, et al. (1989). adverse reactions to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis‑polio vaccination at 18 months of age: effect of injection site and needle length. pediatrics, 83:679–82. livengood jr, mullen jr, white jw, et al. (1989). family history of convulsions and use of pertussis vaccine. journal of pediatrics, 115:527–31. long s, deforest a, smith dg, et al. (1990). longitudinal study of adverse reactions following diphtheria‑tetanus‑pertussis vaccine in infancy. pediatrics, 85:294–302. mark a, carlsson rm, granstrom m (1999). subcutaneous versus intramuscular injection for booster dt vaccination of adolescents. vaccine, 17:2067–72. mills e, gold r, thipphawong j, et al (1998). safety and immunogenicity of a combined five-component pertussis‑diphtheria‑tetanus‑inactivated poliomyelitis‑haemophilus b conjugate vaccine administered to infants at two, four and six months of age. vaccine, 16:576–85. mortimer jr ea, kharton m (1999). diphtheria toxoid. in plotkin s, orenstein w. vaccines, 3rd ed. philadelphia, pa, wb saunders company, 1999:140–157.
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